Engineering Configuration of Steering Drive Wheels for AGV Forklift Applications

In industrial vehicle systems, forklift wheels are far more than passive load-bearing components. From an engineering perspective, forklift wheels play a critical role in determining load capacity, driving stability, maneuverability, and long-term operating costs.

1. The Engineering Role of Forklift Wheels in Vehicle Systems

Forklifts typically operate under conditions characterized by heavy loads, low speeds, and frequent start-stop cycles. This places unique demands on wheel design, requiring both high static load capacity and stable dynamic performance.

Key system parameters influencing forklift wheels selection include:

• Rated load and center of gravity distribution

• Operating environment (indoor, outdoor, mixed-use)

• Duty cycle and continuous operating time

• Floor conditions and abrasion requirements

As a result, forklift wheels must be considered early in the vehicle design process rather than treated as interchangeable accessories.

2. Performance Impact of Different Forklift Wheel Types

Common wheel configurations are selected based on specific application needs:

• Solid wheels
  Highly durable and puncture-resistant, suitable for heavy-duty and demanding environments.
  However, vibration absorption is limited, making floor conditions a critical factor.

• Polyurethane wheels
  Offering low rolling resistance and excellent wear resistance, these wheels are widely used in indoor warehouse applications where floor protection is essential.

• Rubber wheels
  Providing superior shock absorption and traction, rubber wheels perform well in outdoor or uneven surface conditions.

Selecting the appropriate forklift wheels configuration helps balance durability, safety, and operational efficiency.

3. Load Capacity and Safety Margin Considerations

In real-world applications, wheel load calculations must account for more than nominal weight distribution. Engineers should consider:

• Load transfer during lifting and braking

• Uneven loading during turning maneuvers

• Localized impacts caused by floor irregularities

Maintaining an adequate safety margin in forklift wheels design is essential to ensure long-term reliability and prevent premature failure.

4. Wear Resistance and Total Cost of Ownership

From a lifecycle cost perspective, wheel durability often outweighs initial purchase price. High-quality forklift wheels can significantly reduce:

• Downtime caused by frequent replacements

• Floor damage and associated maintenance costs

• Efficiency losses due to degraded rolling performance

For high-throughput logistics and warehouse operations, consistency and durability are key performance indicators.

5. Application-Oriented Selection Strategy

Different operating scenarios place different priorities on forklift wheels:

• Warehousing and distribution centers: smooth rolling and floor protection

• Heavy manufacturing environments: maximum load capacity and structural strength

• Outdoor or mixed-use operations: environmental resistance and traction

Evaluating forklift wheels as part of the complete vehicle system enables informed engineering decisions and optimized long-term performance.

Forklift wheels are not consumables — they define the operational quality of the forklift.